The glorious vocation of the missionary brother

Missionary brothers working with their apprentices in the Benedictine mission of Inkamana (South Africa)

"The missionary brother is the unknown apostle in the Catholic world mission. Inflamed by the love for God and the souls in the heathen world, the missionary brother sacrifices his own self and all that is dear to him to help the missionary [priest] in foreign countries in converting, teaching and educating the natives.

The missionary brother carries out his apostolic work through the work of his hands. The calluses of his hands spell out the sermon of the price, but also of the blessing of Christian labor.

The missionary brother is of the greatest importance for the missionary priest, for the missionary work and for the missionary country. Without the dedicated work of the missionary brothers, the work of the missionary priests would experience the greatest obstacles. It is only through the missionary brother that the missionary's hands are freed for the service of souls. The missionary brother keeps many financial worries and expenses away from the mission; he takes care of the temporal, the material work, the house and the farm; he complements the missionary in conversion work, teaching and education. The missionary brother doubles the missionary's strength in many respects. Without a missionary brother, the missionary priest's hands are very often tied. The missionary brother is really the missionary's helping, supporting and complementary brother."

This quote by the great missiologist Fr. Robert Streit, O.M.I. emphasizes both how important the missionary brother is for successful missionary work and yet how little attention and appreciation this vocation has received—one might argue that it is virtually unknown in our days. Let us therefore take a closer look at the essential vocation of the missionary brother using historical examples.

Tradesmen of God

Since the discovery of the Americas, which ushered in the modern missionary era, missionary work has been mainly organized around mission stations that often resemble the monastic foundations that evangelized and civilized large parts of Europe. In addition to churches or chapels, many such mission stations had their own farming operations, workshops, schools, and sometimes also pharmacies and infirmaries. Naturally, this requires many skilled persons to fulfill these tasks—or in the early days of a particular mission, a small number of brothers who each had a great variety of skills. Before leaving for China in the mid-1880s, Br. Joseph Overlöper, S.V.D., a carpenter by trade, learned several other skills as well: candle making, soap making, glazing, bricklaying, painting, farming and gardening.

As Br. Joseph’s case shows, construction and farming skills understandably stood in very high demand in the missions. Many significant church buildings that could rival their European counterparts were constructed under the supervision of missionary brothers. Br. Petrus Gernert O.S.B., one of the Martyrs of Tokwon, oversaw the construction of Tokwon Abbey in Korea, in addition to directing the landscaping work surrounding the vast monastic premises. He also built several other chapels and churches for the mission in central Korea.

Some regions of the world posed particular difficulties with regard to building materials: virtually all churches in Papua New Guinea, from chapels to cathedrals, were built from wood. The wood had to be sourced from the country’s dense jungles, which meant that missionary brothers had to spend months at lumbering sites where they worked with their native crews.

Bishop Henninghaus with S.V.D. brothers in China

Brother cook’s demanding work was not as visible but played an essential role in maintaining the health and good spirits of the missionaries. When missionaries from far afield assembled at the main mission station for conferences and much needed vacations, the cook would serve European dishes that were a welcome dietary change for men who often only lived on sparse rations of native food.

The brothers who served as medics and pharmacists were not only able to cure diseases for which the sick could not find help among traditional healers, they opened the gates of Heaven to many, young and old, by instructing and baptizing patients who were at the doorstep of eternity.

The cathedral of Alexishafen, Papua New Guinea

Their trades often brought missionary brothers into close contact with the people of the country, with fellow workers, apprentices, patients or clients—and sometimes even with the powerful of this world. In the early stages of a mission among populations that lived as hunter-gatherers, the missionary brothers were the ones who introduced the future Christians to organized farming and crafts, thus ensuring a degree of material wellbeing that enabled a sedentary lifestyle and instilling knowledge that helped the natives keep pace with an increasingly Europeanized colonial society. In East Asia, missionary brothers took part in the technological exchange, especially at the Court of the Chinese Emperors. Brother Franz Stadlin, S.J., an expert watchmaker from Switzerland, was held in the highest regard by the Kangxi Emperor. When Stadlin died in 1740, the emperor held a lavish funeral ceremony for this humble religious. Many missionary brothers received deep insights into the culture and the language of the peoples of their missions. Several S.V.D. brothers were known as excellent speakers of the Chinese language who understood the Chinese mindset well. A popular brother could make a great apostle and increase the reputation of the missions among non-Christians significantly.

True missionaries

The missionary brothers were true missionaries, not only because they did all their work as consecrated men in the service of God and His Church, but also in virtue of their teaching and spreading the faith directly. Already in the early stages of the modern missionary period, St. Francis Xavier was keenly aware of the need for lay missionaries to complement missionary priests when educating children. As early as his first year in the missions, Francis Xavier asked St. Ignatius to send him auxiliary missionaries to teach children. Later he expressed the desire that every large missionary station with at least two priests would receive an auxiliary teacher to teach the catechism to children, visit the sick and baptize dying children. Saint Pedro de Gante is a premier example for a lay brother whose apostolate largely revolved around direct missionary work. He devised an innovative pictographic catechism with which he reached thousands of natives in Mexico in the early stages of the evangelization in the New World.

Pictographic catechism by Saint Pedro de Gante explaining the Most Holy Trinity

Men of prayer and sacrifice

“In the missions, they [the missionary brothers] shall love the natives with a tender and deep love, they shall pray without ceasing for their salvation and be willing to sacrifice everything for the spiritual benefit of their poor souls” (Chapter 8, Article 2 of the constitutions of the Spiritans)

In the lives of more than a few missionary brothers, we see this rule that Venerable Francis Libermann drew up for his own religious faithfully put into practice. The aforementioned Br. Joseph Overlöper preferred to travel at night so he could dedicate himself to undisturbed prayer. Br. Konstantin, a missionary in Togo, was the beekeeper of the S.V.D. mission. Countless times he was stung in the process, but the good brother turned it into a penance that he offered up for the success of the missions: “It does not matter. This is for the poor heathens.” How many hours did missionary brothers spend in front of the tabernacle after a day of exhausting work, in many cases in tropical climates!

Numerous missionary brothers sacrificed their health, dying an early death in the service of the missions. And there were brothers whom God chose for the highest form of sacrifice, martyrdom. Such was the case with St. Andreas Bauer, O.F.M., who was killed during the Boxer Rebellion in China, or the 13 Missionary Benedictine brothers who died in Communist death camps during the Korean War and whose beatification process has been initiated, just to name a few.

The missionary brother is not only an essential handyman for the missions, but he is also a true apostle. May we see a resurgence of this beautiful vocation.